Supercapacitors - super รป heta ultra
Pirsgirรชka karbidestiya pรฎlรช, leza, kapasรฎteyรช รป ewlehiyรช naha dibe yek ji pirsgirรชkรชn sereke yรชn gerdรปnรฎ. Di vรช wateyรช de ku di vรฎ warรฎ de nepรชลketin tehdรฎd dike ku tevahiya ลaristaniya me ya teknรฎkรฎ rawestรฎne.
Me herรฎ dawรฎ li ser teqandina bataryayรชn lรฎtium-ion di tรชlefonan de nivรฎsรฎ. Kapasรฎteya wan a hรฎn ne tรชrker รป barkirina hรชdรฎ bรช guman Elon Musk an dilxwazek din a wesayรฎta elektrรฎkรช ji carekรช zรชdetir aciz kiriye. Em bi salan li ser nรปbรปnรชn cihรชreng di vรฎ warรฎ de dibihรฎzin, lรช hรฎna jรฎ serkeftinek tune ku di karanรฎna rojane de tiลtek รงรชtir bide. Lรชbelรช, ev demek e ku gelek axaftin li ser vรช yekรช tรช kirin ku batarรฎ dikarin bi kapasรฎteyรชn barkirina bilez, an bรชtir guhertoya wan "super" werin guheztin.
รima kondensatorรชn asayรฎ ji bo serketinรช hรชvรฎ nakin? Bersiv hรชsan e. Kรฎloyek benzรฎnรช bi qasรฎ 4. kรฎlovat-saet enerjรฎ ye. Pรฎlรช di modela Tesla de bi qasรฎ 30 carรฎ kรชmtir enerjiyรช ye. Kรฎloyek girseya kondensatorรช tenรช 0,1 kWh e. Ne hewce ye ku meriv rave bike ka รงima kapasรฎteyรชn asayรฎ ji bo rolek nรป ne guncaw in. Pรชdivรฎ ye ku kapasรฎteya bataryayek nรปjen a lรฎtium-ion รงend sed carรฎ mezintir be.
Supercapacitor an ultracapacitor celebek kondensatorรช elektrolรฎtรฎk e ku, li gorรฎ kondensatorรชn elektrolรฎtรฎk รชn klasรฎk, xwedรฎ kapasรฎteyek elektrรฎkรฎ ya pir zรชde (bi fermana รงend hezar faradan), bi voltaja xebitandinรช ya 2-3 V ye. Avantaja herรฎ mezin a supercapacitors e demรชn barkirin รป dakรชลanรช pir kurt li gorรฎ amรปrรชn din รชn hilanรฎna enerjiyรช (mรฎnak pรฎlรช). Ev dihรชle hรปn dabรฎnkirina hรชzรช zรชde bikin 10 kW per kรฎloyek giraniya kondensatorรช.
Yek ji modelรชn ultracapacitors ku li sรปkรช peyda dibe.
Serkeftinรชn di laboratuaran de
Mehรชn dawรฎ di derbarรช prototรฎpรชn nรป yรชn superkapacitor de gelek agahdarรฎ anรฎn. Di dawiya sala 2016-an de, em fรชr bรปn, wek nimรปne, ku komek zanyar ji Zanรฎngeha Central Florida afirandin pรชvajoya nรป ji bo afirandina supercapacitors, Zรชdetir enerjiyรช xilas dike รป ji 30 XNUMX zรชdetir radiweste. รงerxรชn barkirinรช / dakรชลanรช. Heger me bataryayรชn van superkapacitoran biguheranda, ne tenรช em รช bikarin smartfonek di saniyeyan de bar bikin, lรช ew รช ji bo zรชdetirรฎ hefteyekรช bikar bรฎne bes be, Nitin Chowdhary, endamรช tรฎmรช lรชkolรฎnรช, ji medyayรช re got. . Zanyarรชn Florรฎdayรช ji mรฎlyonan mรฎkro tรชlรชn ku bi maddeyek du-dimensรฎ hatine pรชรงandin superkapasรฎtoran diafirรฎnin. Tรชlรชn kabloyรช rรชgirรชn pir baล รชn elektrรฎkรช ne, ku rรช didin barkirin รป dakรชลana bilez a kondensatorรช, รป materyalรช du-dimensรฎ ku wan vedigire rรช dide hilgirtina mรฎqdarรชn mezin รชn enerjiyรช.
Zanyarรชn ji Zanรฎngeha Tehranรช li รranรช, ku strukturรชn sifir รชn porez di nav รงareseriyรชn ammoniakรช de wekรฎ materyalek elektrodรช hilberรฎnin, li gorรฎ tรชgehek hinekรฎ diลibin hev. Brรฎtanรฎ, di encamรช de, gรชlรชn mรฎna yรชn ku di lensรชn tรชkiliyรช de tรชne bikar anรฎn tercรฎh dikin. Kesekรฎ din polรฎmer bir atolyeyรช. Lรชkolรฎn รป tรชgeh li seranserรช cรฎhanรช bรชdawรฎ ne.
Zanyarรชn tevlรช bรปne projeya ELECTROGRAPH (Elektrodรชn Bingeha Grafen ji bo Serlรชdanรชn Superkapacitor), ku ji hรชla YE ve hatรฎ fรฎnanse kirin, li ser hilberรฎna girseyรฎ ya materyalรชn elektrodรช grafene รป serรฎlรชdana elektrolรฎtรชn ลilavรช yรชn รฎyonรฎ yรชn dostane yรชn hawirdorรช li germahiya odeyรช dixebite. Zanyar hรชvรฎ dikin ku graphene dรช ลรปna karbona aktรฎfkirรฎ bigire (AC) di elektrodรชn superkapacitoran de tรช bikaranรฎn.
Lรชkolรฎner li vir oksรฎtรชn grafรฎtรช hilberandin, ew di pelรชn grafenรช de parรงe kirin, รป dรปv re ew pelan xistin nav superkapacitorek. Li gorรฎ elektrodรชn AC-based, elektrodรชn grafene xwedan taybetmendiyรชn adhesive รงรชtir รป kapasรฎteya hilanรฎna enerjiyรช bilindtir in.
Siwarbรปna rรชwiyan - tramvayรช bar dike
Navendรชn zanistรฎ bi lรชkolรฎn รป prototรฎpkirinรช re mijรปl dibin, รป รงรฎnรฎ superkapacitoran xistine pratรฎkรช. Bajarรช Zhuzhou, parรชzgeha Hunan, di van demรชn dawรฎ de yekem tramvaya รงรชkirรฎ ya รรฎnรฎ ku bi superkapacitoran hรชzdar e (2) vekir, ku tรช vรช wateyรช ku ew xetek jorรฎn hewce nake. Tramvay bi pantografรชn ku li rawestgehan hatine saz kirin tรช hรชz kirin. Barkirina tam bi qasรฎ 30 saniyeyan digire, ji ber vรช yekรช ew di dema siwarbรปn รป daketina rรชwiyan de pรชk tรช. Ev rรช dide wesayitรช ku 3-5 km bรชyรฎ hรชza derve bimeลe, ku bes e ku bigihรฎje rawestgeha din. Digel vรช yekรช, di dema firnรช de heya %85 enerjiyรช vedigire.
Derfetรชn ji bo karanรฎna pratรฎkรฎ ya supercapacitors gelek in - ji pergalรชn enerjiyรช, hucreyรชn sotemeniyรช, hucreyรชn rojรช heya wesayรฎtรชn elektrรฎkรช. Di van demรชn dawรฎ de, bala pisporan li ser karanรฎna supercapacitors di wesayรฎtรชn elektrรฎkรฎ yรชn hรฎbrรฎd de hate kiลandin. Hucreyek sotemeniyรช ya diafragmaya polรฎmer superkapacitorek bar dike, ku dรปv re enerjiya elektrรฎkรช ya ku ji bo hรชzkirina motorek tรช bikar anรฎn hilรฎne. Demjimรชrรชn barkirinรช / dakรชลanรช yรชn bilez รชn SC-รช dikarin werin bikar anรฎn da ku hรชza pezรช ya pรชdivรฎ ya hucreya sotemeniyรช xweล bike, รป performansa hema hema yekreng peyda dike.
Wusa dixuye ku em ji niha ve li ber deriyรช ลoreลa supercapacitor in. Lรชbelรช, ezmรปn destnรฎลan dike, ku hรชja ye ku meriv zรชde dilลewatiyรช bihรชle da ku hรปn tevlihev nebin รป di destรชn we de bi bataryayek kevn a daxistรฎ nemรฎnin.
