Megacities รป slums
Serdestiya gerdรปnรฎ ya metropolรชn Ewropรฎ รป Amerรฎkรฎ paลerojek hema hema bi tevahรฎ hatรฎ jibรฎrkirin e. Mรฎnakรฎ, li gorรฎ texmรฎna nifรปsรช ya Buroya Serjimรชriya Dewletรชn Yekbรปyรฎ, di diwanzdeh mehรชn heya Tรฎrmeha 2018-an de, tenรช รงend bajarรชn baลรปr li Dewletรชn Yekbรปyรฎ mezin bรปn, dema ku nifรปs li metropolรชn kevn รชn New York, Chicago, รป Los Angeles kรชm bรปn.
Li gorรฎ Enstรฎtuya Bajarรชn Cรฎhanรฎ, kombรปnรชn Afrรฎkรฎ dรช di sala 2100 de bibin bajarรชn herรฎ mezin. Vana jixwe deverรชn metropolรชn mezin in, ku ne ew qas wekรฎ mekanรชn spehรฎ yรชn tijรฎ mรฎmariya mezin รป jiyanek bilind pรชลkรชลรฎ dikin, lรช wekรฎ okyanรปsรชn berbelav รชn zozanan tรชne zanรฎn ku ji mรชj ve berรช xwe dane bajarรชn zozanรชn kevn รชn mรฎna Bajarรช Meksรฎkayรช (1).
1. Pรชlรชn zozanรชn bajarekรฎ mezin li bajarรช Meksรฎko
paytexta Nรฎjerya, Lagos (2) yek ji zรปtirรฎn e. Bi rastรฎ, kes nifรปsa wรช ya rast nizane. Neteweyรชn Yekbรปyรฎ texmรฎn kir ku di sala 2011 de 11,2 mรฎlyon mirov li wir dijiyan, lรช salek ลรปnda New York Times ragihand ku ew li ser herรฎ kรชm 21 mรฎlyon. Li gorรฎ Enstรฎtuya Bajarรชn Gerdรปnรฎ dรช nifรปsa bajรชr bigihรชje dawiya vรช sedsalรช. Mรฎlyona 88,3ku ew li cรฎhanรช mezintirรฎn metropolรช ye.
Paytextรช Komara Demokratรฎk a Kongoyรช Kinshasa, รงend deh sal berรช komek gundรชn masรฎgiran bรป. Wรช niha bi ser ketiye Parรฎsรชรป GCI pรชลbรฎnรฎ dike ku heta sala 2100 ew รช di cรฎhanรช de piลtรฎ Lagos bibe duyemรฎn, bi 83,5 mรฎlyon ลรชnรฎ. Texmรฎnรชn din destnรฎลan dikin ku heya sala 2025-an, 60% ji 17 mรฎlyon mirovรชn ku li wir dijรฎn dรช di bin hejdeh salรฎ de bin, ku tรช pรชลbรฎnรฎkirin ku mรฎna hevรฎrtirลkรช li ser steroรฎdan tevbigere.
Li gorรฎ van pรชลbรฎniyan divรช heta dawiya sedsalรช Tanzanya bibe sรชyemรฎn bajarรช cรฎhanรช. Dar es-Selam z 73,7 mรฎlyon ลรชnรฎ. Demograf pรชลbรฎnรฎ dikin ku di nav heลtรช salan de Afrรฎkaya Rojhilat dรช bi megabajarรชn pirmรฎlyon dolarรฎ tije bibe, รป bajarรชn ku di deh salรชn heyรฎ de di deh megabajarรชn herรฎ pรชลรฎn de cรฎh digirin, bi giranรฎ Asyayรฎ, dรช รฎro cรฎhรชn kรชm-naskirรฎ biguhezรฎnin, wek mรฎnak. Bajarรช Blantyre, Lilongwe i Lusaka.
Li gorรฎ pรชลbรฎniyรชn GCI, heya sala 2100 tenรช metropolรชn Hindistanรช yรชn wekรฎ Bombaj (Mumbai) - Mรฎlyona 67,2ะธ Delhi i Hesabkirinhem piลtรฎ zรชdetirรฎ 50 mรฎlyon welatiyรชn.
Pรชลketina van bajaran bi gelek encamรชn ku nayรชn qebรปlkirin ve girรชdayรฎ ye. Bรฎst รป du ji sรฎ aglomerasyonรชn herรฎ qirรชj รชn cรฎhanรช hene. Li gorรฎ raporeke Greenpeace รป AirVisual, ji deh bajarรชn cรฎhanรช yรชn ku herรฎ zรชde hewa qirรชj in, XNUMX jรช li Hindistanรช ne.
Bajarรชn Chineseรฎnรฎ berรช pรชลengiya vรช kategoriya nebaล dikirin, lรช wan pรชลkeftinek berbiรงav dรฎt. Di rรชzรช de pรชลeng e Gurgaon, taxeke paytexta Hindistanรช, New Delhi, bajarรช herรฎ qirรชj รช li ser rรปyรช erdรช. Di sala 2018-an de, rรชjeya kalรฎteya hewayรช ya navรฎn hema sรช qat ji ya ku Ajansa Parastina Jรฎngehรช ya Dewletรชn Yekbรปyรฎ xetereyek rasterast a tenduristiyรช dihesibรฎne zรชdetir bรป.
Xewna รงรฎnรฎ ya hรฎpoyรชn metropolรช
Di sala 1950 de, dema ku daneyรชn tรชkildar yekem car hatin berhev kirin, bรฎst ji sรฎ metropolรชn herรฎ mezin, em bibรชjin, li welatรชn cรฎhana yekem bรปn. Wรช demรช bajarรช herรฎ mezin รช cรฎhanรช New York bรป, ku nifรปsa wรช 12,3 mรฎlyon bรป. Di lรฎsteyรช de duyemรฎn Tokyo, 11,3 milyon hebรปn.. Bajarรชn ku nifรปsa wan ji 10 milyon kesan zรชdetir bรป (an jรฎ, rasttir, kombรปnรชn bajaran, ji ber ku em di vรช rewลรช de sรฎnorรชn รฎdarรฎ yรชn bajaran li ber รงavan nagirin) tune bรปn.
Niha bรฎst รป heลt ji wan hene! Tรช texmรฎn kirin ku heya sala 2030-an tenรช รงar megabajar ji welatรชn ku รฎro pรชลkeftรฎ tรชne hesibandin dรช di navnรฎลa sรฎ kombรปnรชn herรฎ mezin รชn cรฎhanรช de bimรฎnin. Divรช ew bibin Tokyo i Osaka Oraz NY i Los Angeles. Lรชbelรช, tenรช Tokyo (3) tรช รงaverรช kirin ku di deh top de bimรฎne. Wekรฎ din, dibe ku heya dawiya deh salรชn pรชล de, paytexta Japonya jรฎ sernavรช metropolรช herรฎ mezin รช cรฎhanรช bimรฎne, her รงend nifรปsa li wir nema zรชde dibe (li gorรฎ รงavkaniyรชn cihรชreng, ew ji 38 heta heta Mรฎlyona 40).
รรฎnรฎ di nav rรชzรชn bajarรชn herรฎ mezin de tevlihev in. Bi cรปreyek megalomanya ve girรชdayรฎ, ew planan รงรชdikin รป bi rastรฎ organรฎzmayรชn รฎdarรฎ yรชn mezin รชn ku bi fermรฎ dibin an jรฎ dikarin bibin metropolรชn herรฎ mezin รชn cรฎhanรช diafirรฎnin.
Jixwe รงend sal berรช, me li ser konsepta afirandina bajarekรฎ dรชw li Keyaniya Navรฎn ji Uruguay mezintir รป ji Almanyayรช nifรปstir, ku nuha nรชzรฎ 80 mรฎlyon kes lรช hene, xwend. Afirandinek weha dรช รงรชbibe heke rayedarรชn Chineseรฎnรฎ plana xwe ya mezinkirina paytexta Pekรฎnรช bi deverรชn mezin รชn parรชzgeha Hebei รป tevlรชbรปna bajarรช Tianjin bi vรช avahiyรช re bi cih bรฎnin. Li gorรฎ plansaziyรชn fermรฎ, afirandina mexlรปqek bajarรฎ ya wusa mezin divรช Pekรฎnรช ya dรปman รป dรปmanรช sivik bike รป xanรฎ ji bo nifรปsa ku hรฎna jรฎ ji parรชzgehan tรช.
Jing-Jin-Dji, ji ber ku navรช vรช projeyรช ji bo kรชmkirina pirsgirรชkรชn tรฎpรฎk รชn bajarekรฎ mezin bi afirandina bajarekรฎ hรช mezintir, divรช 216 hezar hebe. kmยฒ. Hejmara niลtecรฎhan a texmรฎnkirรฎ divรช bibe 100 mln, ew dike ne tenรช qada metropolรช ya herรฎ mezin, lรช di heman demรช de organรฎzmayek ku ji piraniya welatรชn cรฎhanรช niลtecรฎhtir e - ji Lagosa hรฎpotezรฎkรฎ ya 2100-an bรชtir.
Dibe ku ceribandina vรช tรชgehรช "bajar" be. Chongqing , ku wekรฎ Chongqing jรฎ tรช zanรฎn, di van demรชn dawรฎ de serรฎ li gelek navnรฎลรชn metropolรชn herรฎ mezin รชn cรฎhanรช girtiye, ลangir, Pekรฎn, Lagos, Mumbai รป her weha Tokyo. Ji bo Chongqing, hejmara niลtecรฎhรชn "bajarรช rastรฎn" ku di รฎstatรฎstรฎkรช de hatรฎ destnรฎลan kirin hema hema ye 31 mรฎlyon ลรชnรฎ รป hema รงar caran ji ya "aglomerasyonรช" bilindtir e.
Qada mezin (4) nรฎลan dide ku ev komun komuneke pir qelebalix e, bi awayekรฎ sรปnรฎ bรปye bajar. Ji hรชla รฎdarรฎ, ew yek ji รงar ลaredariyรชn Chineseรฎnรฎ ye ku di bin rรชveberiya rasterast a navendรฎ de ye (sรชyรชn din Pekin, Shanghai, รป Tianjin in) รป yekane ลaredariya weha di Empiremparatoriya Ezmanรฎ de ye ku dรปrรฎ peravรช ye. Hรฎpoteza ku rayedarรชn Chineseรฎnรฎ diceribรฎnin ka van organรฎzmayan รงawa tevdigerin berรฎ ku ew bi xwe li bakur behremendiyek bajarรฎ biafirรฎnin, dibe ku ne bรชbingeh e.
4. Nexลeya Chongqing li hember paลperdeya hemรฎ Chinaรฎnรช.
Hรชjayรฎ bibรฎrxistinรช ye ku di nav rรชz รป daneyรชn li ser mezinahiya bajaran de hin tevlihevรฎ heye. Nivรฎskarรชn wan carinan tenรช mezinahiya bajaran bi xwe dihesibรฎnin, ku - ji ber ku bajarรชn รฎdarรฎ bi gelemperรฎ bi sรปnรฎ hatine destnรฎลan kirin - bi gelemperรฎ wekรฎ nรฎลanek xirab tรช hesibandin. Daneyรชn agglomerasyonรช bi gelemperรฎ pir caran tรชne bikar anรฎn, lรช di van rewลan de sรฎnor pir caran ลil dimรฎnin รป pรชnaseyรชn cรปda yรชn bi navรช hene. herรชmรชn metropolan.
Ji bilรฎ vรช, pirsgirรชka kombรปna navendรชn mezin รชn bajaran, ku tรช gotin, heye. herรชmรชn metropolanbi gelek navendan bรช serdestiya yek โbajarโ. Ez difikirim ku ew tiลtek wusa ye Guangzhou (Kanton), ku, li gorรฎ malpera almanรฎ citypopulation.de, divรช herรฎ kรชm hebe 48,6 mรฎlyon ลรชnรฎ - piลtรฎ lรช zรชdekirina hemรฎ bajarรชn mezin รชn li derdorรช, di nav de. Hong Kong, Macau รป Shenzhen.
Ne mezinahรฎ, ne hejmar, lรช kalรฎte
Fikra รรฎnรฎ ya รงareserkirina pirsgirรชkรชn megabajaran bi avakirina megabajaran hรช mezintir tenรช li รรฎnรช bi xwe tรช naskirin. Li welatรชn rojavayรฎ yรชn pรชลkeftรฎ, niha di rรชyek bi tevahรฎ cรปda de dimeลe. Li ลรปna ku, wek nimรปne, ji bo pรชลkeftina bajarรฎ bรชtir zevรฎ were veqetandin รป qada zeviyรชn รงandinรฎ an daristanan kรชm bikin, her ku diรงe bรชtir รงareserรฎyรชn bajarรฎ yรชn biaqil, kalรฎteya jiyanรช รป ekolojรฎ ye.armanc dike ku sifir nerehetiya jรฎngehรช รป mirovรชn tรช de dijรฎn.
Tewra jรฎ hene yรชn ku dixwazin paล de vegerin, pรฎvana mirovรฎ vegerรฎnin bajaran รป ... Desthilatdarรชn Hamburg plan dikin ku di bรฎst salรชn pรชล de %40 ji bajรชr ji trafรฎka otomobรฎlan paqij bikin.
Weqfa Prince Charles di encamรช de, ew hemรฎ bajaran mรฎna yรชn serdema navรฎn ji nรป ve รงรชdike - bi meydanan, kolanรชn teng รป hemรฎ karรปbaran pรชnc hรปrdeman dรปrรฎ malรช. รalakรฎ jรฎ vedigerin รงavkaniyan Ew Gela ye, mรฎmarek Danรฎmarkรฎ ku projeyรชn nรป yรชn mezin naafirรฎne, lรช "pรฎvana mirovรฎ" vedigerรฎne bajaran. Mรฎmar tekez dike ku ลeล ji deh bajarรชn herรฎ binavรปdeng รชn cรฎhanรช di warรช kalรฎteya jiyanรช de berรช prosedรปra "mirovbรปnรช" ya ku ji hรชla tรฎmรช wรฎ ve hatรฎ pรชลve xistin derbas kirine. Kopenhag, bajarรช Gel, di vรช komรช de di rรชza yekem de ye - li vir bรป ku di salรชn 60-an de wรฎ dest bi lรชkolรฎna tevgera mirovรชn li bajรชr kir.
Ji ber vรช yekรช, paลeroja pรชลkeftina bajarรฎ li cรฎhanรช tiลtek weha xuya dike: ji aliyekรฎ ve, bajarรชn her dem paqijtir, mirovahรฎtir รป hawirdorparรชztir li bakur, รป dรชw, ku heya sรฎnorรชn ku nayรชn xeyal kirin, bi her tiลtรช ku mirov dikare hilberรฎne, qirรชj bibe. slums. li baลรปr ax.
Ji bo baลtirkirina kalรฎteya jiyanรช รป karรปbarรช ลรชniyรชn her navรงeyรช, bajarรชn jรฎrbikaranรฎna teknolojiyรชn pรชลkeftรฎ yรชn wekรฎ avahiya biaqil. Li gorรฎ vรช texmรฎnรช, divรช niลtecรฎh รงรชtir รป rehettir bijรฎn รป di heman demรช de, lรชรงรปnรชn xebata tevahiya organรฎzma bajarรฎ bi qasรฎ ku pรชkan kรชm be.
Di Indeksa Bajarรชn Smart a 2018-an de, ku di 2017-an de hatรฎ รงap kirin, i.e. Rรชzeya bajarรชn herรฎ jรฎr รชn cรฎhanรช ku ji hรชla EasyPark Group ve hatรฎ amadekirin ji hรชla "navnรฎลanรชn" Ewropรฎ ve, digel Kopenhagรช, Stockholm i Zurrich li pรชล.
Lรชbelรช, bajarรชn jรฎr รชn Asyayรช, yรชn ku herรฎ zรป mezin dibin, di heman demรช de geล dibin. Li gorรฎ parzemรฎnรช, lรฎsteya 57 bajarรชn herรฎ zรฎrek ev in: 18 kom ji Ewropayรช, 14 ji Asyayรช, 5 ji Amerรฎkaya Bakur, 5 ji Amerรฎkaya Baลรปr, XNUMX ji Avusturalya รป yek ji Afrรฎka.
Di plansaziya bajarรฎ ya nรป de tรชgehek girรฎng kalรฎteya jiyanรช ye, ku tรช wateya gelek aliyรชn cรปda รป belkรฎ her kes wรช hinekรฎ cรปda fam dike. Ji bo hinekan ew lรชรงรปna kรชm a jiyanรช, xaniyรชn bi arzanรฎ รป lรชnihรชrรฎna tenduristรฎ ye, ji bo hinan ew asta qirรชjรฎ, trafรฎkรช รป sรปcรช kรชm e. Numbeo, databasek gerdรปnรฎ ya bikarhรชner-rรชvebir, daneyรชn kalรฎteya jiyanรช ji bo bajarรชn รงaraliyรช cรฎhanรช peyda dike. Li ser bingeha wan, rรชzek cรฎhanรฎ hate รงรชkirin.
Avusturalya bi taybetรฎ li wir baล e. Li wir bajar yekemin - Canberra (5), รงarem (Adelaide) รป heftemรฎn (Brisbane). DYE di deh yekem de รงar nรปner hene รป ew qet ne metropolรช herรฎ mezin e. Ji Ewropayรช jรฎ Hollandรฎ bรปn duyemรฎn. Eindhovenรป Zurich di pรชncemรฎn de. Li parzemรฎna me, qalรฎteya jiyanรช bรช guman bi dewlemendiyรช ve girรชdayรฎ ye, heke tenรช ji ber bihayรชn sรฎteyรช ne.
Bรช guman, hem qalรฎteya jiyanรช รป hem jรฎ ekolojรฎ dikare li bajarรชn dewlemend รชn Bakur bi rengek berbiรงav biguhezรฎne, ger stรปnรชn baลรปrรฎ yรชn ku jiyan lรช bรชtehemรปl dibe, bixwazin werin ser wan.
Lรช ev mijarek ji bo รงรฎrokek din e.